Heinrich Windwart (July 12, 1810 - April 30, 1881) was a German civil servant, revolutionary, medical doctor, and map publisher. He was born in Bavaria and studied at the University of Jena. He was heavily involved in the German Revolutions of 1848. When the revolutions were suppressed, he went into exile, first in Switzerland, then France, and ultimately, in 1853, to the United States. He initially settled in Baltimore, but moved to New York in the 1860s when his fellow German 'Forty-Eighter,' Franz Sigel (1824 - 1902), was elected Registrar of New York City, and offered him a clerk position. Windwart was one of several map publishers, the most famous of whom was John Bute Holmes, who was able to leverage cartographic skill to capitalize on the New York City transition from grand 18th century estates to the meticulously gridded and plotted structure of the Commissioner's Plan. More by this mapmaker...

James Botsford Beers (October 16, 1811 - June 3, 1901) was an American map publisher based in Connecticut in the second half of the 19th century. Beers was born in Newtown, Connecticut. He married Huldah Clarke (1813 - 1893) on August 30, 1835, in his hometown. They had five children in 18 years of marriage. He lived in Brooklyn, New York, from about 1845 where he dealt in jewelry and gold pens. Beers started publishing maps as 'J. B. Beers' in 1863, possibly inspired by the success of John Bute Holmes (1822 - 1887). In 1867, in partnership with A.D. Ellis and G.G. Soule, published his Atlas of New York and Vicinity. His son Frederick W. Beers joined the family business in 1870, at which point the firm was renamed 'J. B. Beers and Company'. Botsford Beers is the progenitor of the prolific Beers mapmaking family - who mostly published out of New York. He worked with his brother Charles Henry Beers (November 3, 1813 - March 5, 1892), son Frederick William Beers (August 17, 1839 - September 8, 1933), and grandsons Silas Norman Beers (September 3, 1837 - May 12, 1873) and Daniel Glover Beers (October 19, 1841 - February 12, 1913). Learn More...

Neuman and Dinglinger Lithography (fl. 1880 - 1882) was a New York City based lithography and engraving firm based at the Northwest corner of Pearl and Elm Streets, New York City. Little is known of their business. They published an important chronological chart of American history, as well as maps for James Botsford Beers (1811 - 1901) and John Bute Holmes (1822 - 1887). In addition to maps, they also produced stunning chromolithograph trade cards for the tobacco industry. Most of their work dates to the early 1880s. Learn More...