This copy is copyright protected.
Copyright © 2024 Geographicus Rare Antique Maps
This item has been sold, but you can get on the Waitlist to be notified if another example becomes available, or purchase a digital scan.
1732 Herman Moll Map of Africa
Africa-moll-1732$800.00
Title
To the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Peterborow, and Monmouth, and C. This map of Africa, According to ye Newest and Most Exact Observation is humbly Dedicated by your Lordship's most Humble Servant H. Moll Geographer.
1732 (undated) 23.5 x 38 in (59.69 x 96.52 cm) 1 : 16500000
1732 (undated) 23.5 x 38 in (59.69 x 96.52 cm) 1 : 16500000
Description
An impressive c. 1732 map of Africa by Herman Moll. One of the largest and most detailed maps of Africa to appear in the early 18th century, Moll's masterpiece covers the entire continent of Africa, as well as portions of the adjacent oceans as far west as Brazil and east to Indian and Ceylon. The overall composition stresses the fact that, while the coasts of Africa had been well mapped since the late 17th century, very little was known of the interior. The map is centered on the vast unknown heart of Africa, here labeled 'Ethiopia … wholly unknown to the Europeans.'
A lack of true knowledge did nothing to prevent Moll, and other cartographers of the period, from positivistically speculating on the interior. Nowhere is this more in evidence than in Moll's unique approach to the course of the White Nile. Convention from the 15th century onward mapped the sources of the White Nile on the Ptolemaic model incorporating two great inland lakes, Zaire and Zaflan, at the base of a mountain range called the 'Mountains of the Moon' or as here the 'Luna Mountains.' Moll has retained both lakes prominently, even identifying islands and cities on their shores, but he does not connect either lake to the Nile. Instead Moll sends the White Nile westward where it dissipates into a series of lakes and swamps, almost, but not quite meeting with the Niger. As for Zaire and Zaflan, these lakes continued to appear in less and less cohesive form throughout the 18th century until they merged with the factual lakes Malawi and Victoria in 19th century.
There are other elements of interest, most particularly a note appearing in Guinea that reads,
Be that as it may, Africa at this time was hardly without European influence. As indicated by the detailed toponymy of Africa's western coastline, various European powers maintained an active presence there, particularly along the Guinea or Gold Coast of modern day Guinea. Insets in the lower left quadrant depict Cape Coast Castle (Guinea), the Fort of Good Hope (South Africa), and in the lower right quadrant, the cartographer presents a beautiful view entitled 'A Prospect of the Cape of Good Hope' in which Table Mountain is clearly discernable. A fourth inset details James Fort on the Island of St. Helena, a place that would later become infamous as the prison of Napoleon Bonaparte.
One reason for this map's extensive inclusion of the surrounding oceans was most likely an attempt to incorporate Edmond Halley's revolutionary hydrological observations. Following Halley, Moll provides details regarding ocean currents in both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans as well as data on wind variations during the monsoon seasons. The significance of this information was a matter dear to Moll's heart, and indeed the hearts of many an 18th century Englishman, the East India trade. In this sprit, Moll also includes a nautical route that he suggests is 'a good course of sailing from Grate Britain to the East Indies in the Spring and Fall.'
An elaborate title cartouche appears in the upper right quadrant. The cartouche illustrates various animals and activities presumably common in Africa: crocodile wrestling, snake fighting, and ostrich hunting. These scenes are observed by a serene woman, possibly intended to represent the allegorical 'Africa' and a lion in repose. The map is dedicated to Charles Earl of Peterborow and Monmouth. Here Moll is flattering Charles Mordaunt, 3rd early of Peterborough and the 1st earl of Monmouth. Mordaunt was a powerful military commander who earned his first military distinctions near Tripoli, which may be why Moll chose to so dedicate his Africa map.
This map proved to be one of Moll's most popular and went through several states,
A lack of true knowledge did nothing to prevent Moll, and other cartographers of the period, from positivistically speculating on the interior. Nowhere is this more in evidence than in Moll's unique approach to the course of the White Nile. Convention from the 15th century onward mapped the sources of the White Nile on the Ptolemaic model incorporating two great inland lakes, Zaire and Zaflan, at the base of a mountain range called the 'Mountains of the Moon' or as here the 'Luna Mountains.' Moll has retained both lakes prominently, even identifying islands and cities on their shores, but he does not connect either lake to the Nile. Instead Moll sends the White Nile westward where it dissipates into a series of lakes and swamps, almost, but not quite meeting with the Niger. As for Zaire and Zaflan, these lakes continued to appear in less and less cohesive form throughout the 18th century until they merged with the factual lakes Malawi and Victoria in 19th century.
There are other elements of interest, most particularly a note appearing in Guinea that reads,
I am credibly informed that ye country about 400 leagues North of the Coast of Guinea is inhabited by white Men, or at least a different kind of People from the Blacks, who wear Cloaths, and have ye use of Letters, make Silk, and that some of them keep the Christian Sabbath.It is unclear what Moll is referring to and we have not seen this curious reference on another map.
Be that as it may, Africa at this time was hardly without European influence. As indicated by the detailed toponymy of Africa's western coastline, various European powers maintained an active presence there, particularly along the Guinea or Gold Coast of modern day Guinea. Insets in the lower left quadrant depict Cape Coast Castle (Guinea), the Fort of Good Hope (South Africa), and in the lower right quadrant, the cartographer presents a beautiful view entitled 'A Prospect of the Cape of Good Hope' in which Table Mountain is clearly discernable. A fourth inset details James Fort on the Island of St. Helena, a place that would later become infamous as the prison of Napoleon Bonaparte.
One reason for this map's extensive inclusion of the surrounding oceans was most likely an attempt to incorporate Edmond Halley's revolutionary hydrological observations. Following Halley, Moll provides details regarding ocean currents in both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans as well as data on wind variations during the monsoon seasons. The significance of this information was a matter dear to Moll's heart, and indeed the hearts of many an 18th century Englishman, the East India trade. In this sprit, Moll also includes a nautical route that he suggests is 'a good course of sailing from Grate Britain to the East Indies in the Spring and Fall.'
An elaborate title cartouche appears in the upper right quadrant. The cartouche illustrates various animals and activities presumably common in Africa: crocodile wrestling, snake fighting, and ostrich hunting. These scenes are observed by a serene woman, possibly intended to represent the allegorical 'Africa' and a lion in repose. The map is dedicated to Charles Earl of Peterborow and Monmouth. Here Moll is flattering Charles Mordaunt, 3rd early of Peterborough and the 1st earl of Monmouth. Mordaunt was a powerful military commander who earned his first military distinctions near Tripoli, which may be why Moll chose to so dedicate his Africa map.
This map proved to be one of Moll's most popular and went through several states,
Cartographer
Herman Moll (1654 - 1732) was an important 18th century map publisher and engraver based in London and Holland. Moll's origins are disputed with some suggesting he was born in the Netherlands and others Germany - the Moll name was common in both countries during this period. Most likely Moll was a German from Bremen, as his will, friends, and contemporaries suggest. What is known for certain is that he moved to London in 1678, possibly fleeing the Scanian War, where he worked as an engraver for Moses Pitt and other London map publishers. Around the turn of the century, Moll set up his own shop where he produced a large corpus of work known for its high quality and decorative flair. As a new émigré to England, Moll made himself more English than the English, and through his cartography proved a fierce advocate for his adopted nation. Most of Moll's early maps were issued as loose sheets that would be bound to order, however, he did publish several important atlases late in his career. Moll is said to have made the bold claim that without a doubt "California is an Island" and that he "had in [his] office mariners who have sailed round it." While California may not be an island (yet), it is true that moll had talent for attracting interesting friends and acquaintances. He frequented London's first stock exchange, Jonathan's Coffeehouse at Number 20 Exchange Alley, Cornhill. At the time Jonathan's was known as "a place of very considerable concourse for Merchants, sea faring Men and other traders" (Erleigh, The Viscount, The South Sea Bubble, Manchester: Peter Davies, Ltd., 1933, 21). Eventually this activity attracted the interest of stock brokers, who inspired by sailor's tales, sponsored the ill-fated South Sea Company, the world's first stock bubble. Moll's close circle, mostly from the Coffee House, included scientist Robert Hooke, the writers Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe) and Jonathan Swift (Gulliver's Travels), the pirates William Dampier, William Hacke and Woodes Rogers, and the archeologist William Stukeley. Herman Moll's work was highly regarded for its decorative beauty and was pirated, most notably by the Irish publisher George Grierson, both in his lifetime and after his 1732 death at St. Clement Danes, London. More by this mapmaker...
Source
Moll, H, The World Described; or a new and correct sett of maps, (London) 1732.
Condition
Good. Overall toning. Some additional toning on original fold lines. Verso reinforcement and slight loss to margins. Two sheets joined at center by publisher.
References
Norwich, O., Norwich's Maps of Africa: An illustrated and Annotated Carto-bibliography, NOR 0067. Tooley, R. V., Collector's Guide to Maps of the African Continent and Southern Africa, p. 77-78, No. 59. Boston Public Library, Leventhal Collection, G1015 .M65 1709.