1759 Gibson Map of Battle of Quebec, Canada during the French and Indian War

This is a 1759 John Gibson map of the Battle of Quebec during the French and Indian War, the name for the North American theater during the 7 Years' War between Britain and France. Also known as the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, the map depicts the region from the sillery to Montmorency Falls and from Charlebourg to the Isle of Orleans (Isle d'Orléans). The blockading British fleet is illustrated in the St. Lawrence, while French encampments are labeled all along the river from Quebec City to the Montmorency Falls. The battle, which took place to the west of Quebec City, is illustrated by French and British battle lines.

The Battle of Quebec or the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Each aspect of the battle is illustrated here, from the British naval blockade of Quebec City to the French attempt to chase away the British fleet by using boats set afire. Soon, however, the British elected to land a force on the north side of the river and engage the French, hopefully on the plains to the west of Quebec City, known as the Plains of Abraham, as these fields had once been owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin. The British, under the command of General James Wolfe, landed upstream from Quebec at L'Anse-au-Foulon, three miles upstream from Cap Diamant. A lightly guarded stretch of riverbank, Wolfe and his men were able to easily overpower the meager French defense and march on Quebec. This move prompted General Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm to leave the fortifications of Quebec City and fight Wolfe. In a battle that lasted less than an hour between fewer than 10,000 troops between both sides, both commanding generals received mortal wounds. Wolfe was shot three times and died within minutes of the beginning of the battle, while Montcalm succumbed to a gunshot wound to the abdomen the following morning. The French lost the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and were forced to surrender Quebec City, and would end up ceding all of their Canadian territory to the British a few years later as part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

This map was engraved by John Gibson and published in 1759.