1856 Kiepert / Eddy Map of California

Heinrich Kiepert (July 31, 1818 - April 21, 1899) was a German cartographer and historian active in the mid to late 19th century. Kiepert was born into generous circumstances that allowed him to develop his childhood interest in geography and history into a serious profession. The Berlin-born Kiepert traveled widely in his youth, and was encouraged in his studies by the historian Leopold von Ranke, a family friend. He was a student of classical antiquity under August Meineke and worked with Cal Ritter. He studied history, philology, and geography at the Humboldt University of Berlin - he would eventually teach geography there, and would remain there until his death. Disappointed with the poor quality of maps in historical school books, Kiepert set out to correct the problem. His first major work, the Atlas von Hellas und den hellenischen Kolonien, was published with Karl Ritter in 1840. The work immediately won accolades from the academic community. A number of similar publications followed, including the 1848 Historisch-geographischer Atlas der alten Welt, the 1854 Atlas Antiquus, and the 1894 Formae Orbis Antiqui. Kiepert specialized in the historical geography of the classical world at the University of Berlin. This developed into a geographical interest in the Ottoman Empire - which at the time was poorly mapped. He traveled to Asia Minor four times between 1841 and 1848, using his travels to collect and compile geographical data, producing several outstanding regional maps with wide-ranging coverage extending from the Mediterranean to the Caucasus. Thanks in large part to these works, Kiepert became the recognized expert on Ottoman geography, his works representing the best obtainable reconnaissances of their respective regions. From 1845 until 1852, Kiepert served as the head of the Geographisches Institut in Weimar. In 1854 he took a position as professor of Geography at the University of Berlin and for nearly 50 years was considered the go-to man with regard to the cartography of classical and biblical antiquity. Kipert formed a long-lasting professional association with Dietrich Reimer, a publisher in Berlin. Kiepert's maps are known for b being clear, easy to read, and as accurate as possible for the time in which they were produced. In addition to his landmark work in mapping the Ottoman Empire, Kiepert also published the first detailed ethnic maps of Austria-Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula, and Germany. Kiepert died in Berlin on April 21 of 1899. More by this mapmaker...

William Mathewson Eddy (August 10, 1818 - March 10, 1854) was an American surveyor active in the mid-19th century. He was born in Ithaca, New York, and trained as a Civil Engineer. Eddy is best known for his work in California, first as City Surveyor of San Francisco (1849) and then as State Surveyor General (1851 - 1954). Eddy arrived in San Francisco in June 1849, replacing Jasper O'Farrell (1817 - 1875) as San Francisco City Surveyor. He meticulously remapped the booming city and can be credited with naming many of the streets. In 1850, he married Harriet Ecker (Eacker; 1820 - 1891) in a grand affair, importing for her an entire house from their mutual hometown of Ithaca to make the transition to the California frontier more palatable. Eddy's influence on the urban plan of San Francisco is undeniable, but it is recorded that he was often found drunk in his office and was happy to take bribes - particularly for the naming of streets. He moved to Sacramento to take office as the State Surveyor General in 1851, compiling and publishing the first official state map of California in 1854. He was also one of the founding members of San Francisco's Trinity Church. Eddy's sudden death in 1854 in San Francisco, at just 36, came as a surprise to all, and its causes are unrecorded. Despite his propensity for drink and bribery, he was well-liked in the city, and his funeral was attended by a large number of mourners. Many records confuse William Mathewson Eddy with another prominent California Eddy, William Matson Eddy (1826 - 1904), a banker; however, they are unrelated. Learn More...

C. Monecke (fl. c. 1850 - 1860) was a German lithographer based in Berlin. Monecke, who published as 'Inst. von C. Monecke' is associated with several German cartographers of the mid-19th century, including Heinrich Kiepert and Richard Lepsius. Learn More...

Dietrich Arnold Reimer (May 13, 1818 - October 15, 1899) was a German publisher. Born in Berlin, Reimer was the son of Georg Andreas Reimer (1776 - 1842), another German printer. He founded a book and map shop in 1845 in Berlin, and after taking over most of the art and geographic publishing from his father two years later, founded Dietrich Reimer Verlag. Heinrich Kiepert (1818 - 1899) began working for his publishing firm in 1852, and in 1868, Reimer made Hermann August Hoefer, a German bookseller, a partner in his company. This move pushed Reimer's publishing firm to international prominence, as the new partnership increased their desire to produce globes and their commitment to improving their maps. He married Henriette Hirzel in 1847, with whom he had three children. Henriette died in 1853, and Reimer remarried in 1855 to Emma Jonas. Reimer gave up control of his publishing house on October 1, 1891, due to health concerns, and the business passed to investor Ersnt Vohsen (1853 - 1919). The firm published under the imprint of 'Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen)' until Vohsen's death in 1919. Until the end of the World War I (1914 - 1818) and the Treaty of Versailles, the publishing house profited from the colonialism of the German Empire with this business model. It survived both the end of the war and inflation. It was able to recover by the start of World War II (1939 - 1945) but then had to cut back production again, mainly due to a shortage of paper and reduced demand. In April 1945, the publishing house at Wilhelmstrasse 29, including the archive, accounting department, and book warehouse, was destroyed in two air raids. It recovered and is today a prominent German academic publisher. The firm remains in operation today as 'Dietrich Reimer GmbH.' Learn More...