Oakley Hoopes Bailey (June 14, 1843 - August 13, 1947) was a prolific American viewmaker, artist, and lithographer active in late 19th and early 20th century. Bailey was born in Beloit, Mahoning County, Ohio. He matriculated in 1861 at Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio, where he studied architecture. At the outbreak of the American Civil War (1861 - 1865) he briefly abandoned his studies for 2 years, wherein he saw combat as a Union solider. After the war, in 1866, he returned to Mount Union to complete his degree. Bailey was the younger brother of another view artist, Howard Heston Bailey (1836 - 1878) and followed his brother into the print business, producing his first city views, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1871. Active from 1871 to 1926, Bailey is known for more than 375 recorded city views, covering more than 13 states 2 Canadian provinces, making him one of the most active viewmakers in American history. In 1875, he settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts and most of his subsequent work focused on Massachusetts and Connecticut. Bailey worked with many other American viewmakers of the period, including his brother, Howard Heston Bailey, Thaddeus M. Flower, and J. C. Hazen, among others. Even his wife, Sarah F. Bailey (1846 - 19??) got into the business, drawing at least one view, of Watkins Glen, New York. Around 1904, by this time in his 60s, Bailey entered into a publishing partnership with Thomas S. Hughes, publishing their 'aero-views' as 'Hughes and Bailey'. Together, Hughes and Bailey revisited the sites of many of Bailey's early views, remaking them sometimes 20 - 40 years later, the idea being to set them beside the earlier views to show how much the respective towns had changed. The partnership lasted until about 1926. Bailey died in his hometown of Alliance at the ripe old age of 103. More by this mapmaker...

Thaddeus Mortimer Fowler (1842 - March 17, 1922) was an American cartographer and the most prolific of all American city viewmakers. Born in Lowell, Massachusetts, Fowler enlisted in the Union Army in 1861. He was wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run and was discharged in February 1863. After his discharge, Fowler made a living by visiting army camps and making tintypes of soldiers. He moved to Madison, Wisconsin, in 1864, to work in his uncle John Mortimer Fowler's photography studio. Fowler likely met Albert Ruger, the famous viewmaker, when he visited Madison in 1867 to work on a view he produced later that year. Ruger had recently lost his last assistant, Eli. S. Glover, who had opened his own publishing firm in Chicago. Ruger probably offered Fowler a job as his sales and subscription agent during this trip, but it is possible that the association between the two men started earlier. Fowler worked for Ruger for two years, as his canvassing and subscription agent in Iowa, Nebraska, and other Midwestern states. It is also likely that Fowler helped Ruger increase his output, since Ruger published around forty views in 1868 and over sixty in 1869. Fowler struck out on his own in 1870 and published two views of towns in Wisconsin: Oconomowoc and Omro. Fowler drew the Oconomowoc view, but Howard Heston (H. H.) Bailey signed the Omro view. Fowler and Bailey would have a professional relationship until Bailey's death in 1878. Bailey's brother Oakley Hoopes (O. H.) Bailey, joined them in 1872. Between 1872 and 1875, the combination of three three names appears almost interchangeably, although Fowler and the Baileys parted ways in 1874. Fowler's name is the only one that appears on lithographs published in 1876. Fowler and O. H. Bailey resumed their professional partnership in 1879 and published several views together, although not all the works are attributed to both men. Between 1887 and 1906, Fowler concentrated on views of Pennsylvania, and produced over 200 lithographs of towns around the state, and his total output during these twenty years exceeded 280 prints. Over the course of his career, Fowler published over 420 prints, of which 248 were of Pennsylvania. Fowler suffered a Fallon an icy street in Middletown, New York, on March 1922 and died a week later on March 17. In his book Views and Viewmakers of Urban America John W. Reps proposes that Fowler was in Middletown promoting the updated view of that town he had recently published. Learn More...

Charles H. Vogt (1823 - 1895) was a Prussian-American lithographer active in Cleveland, Ohio from about 1870 to 1889. Vogt was born Prussia and immigrated to the United States in c. 1860, settling in Iowa. He was established as a lithographer of American city views Davenport, Iowa during the 1860s, then in Milwaukee from 1870 to 1879, then in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1879 to 1889. Vogt worked with his son, Gustav. H. Vogt (c. 1858 - July 12, 1936). Learn More...

Jacob Knauber (1846 – 1905) was a German-American lithographer based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Knauber was born in Heidelberg, Germany and emigrated to America as a young man. He apprenticed as a lithographer in St. Louis from 1861. In 1867 he foundered J. Knauber Lithographing Company, which he would eventually run with his three sons, Arthur, Walter, and Richard. The firm specialized in American city views, billheads, letterheads, receipts, and checks. Knauber managed the firm it until his death in 1905. Afterwards it was run by his children until 1946 when it was acquired by Columbia Art Works. Learn More...