1851 Bufford / Barry View of Plymouth, Massachusetts

This is a rare lithograph view of Plymouth, Massachusetts, drawn by Timothy Barry and printed in Boston by J. H. Bufford between 1851 and 1855. Although outstripped in growth by nearby Boston, Plymouth is one of the oldest cities in the United States and was the first permanent settlement of Europeans in New England.

A Closer Look

The view presents the small town as seen across its harbor; sailboats ply its waters. On the beach in the foreground, a pair of boatmen observe the scene. As bucolic as the view is, it was not a retrospective piece: the view presents the town as it was in the second half of the 1840s.

Stokes and Haskell helpfully identified a number of the structures shown:

The three churches grouped in the center of the view are, from left to right, the Universalist Church, built in 1826 and still standing; the First Church, Unitarian, built in 1831, destroyed by fire in 1892, and replaced by [a] new building erected in 1899; and the Church of the Pilgrimage, Congregational, built in 1840 and still standing. The large building with cupola at the right is the Plymouth County Court House, built in 1821 and still standing; the large building at the extreme right is the Samoset House, built in 1844 and still standing.' (Stokes and Haskell, American Historical Prints, p. 96.)

Atop the eastern hill of the town, to the left of the view, is one of the few surviving depictions of the First Baptist Church of Plymouth (built in 1821 between Summer and High Streets). During the 1840s, it was a meeting place for the Old Colony Anti-Slavery Society. The church was destroyed by fire in 1861.

In the background to the left of First Baptist is a windmill. This represents a puzzle, as the nearest contemporary detailed maps of Plymouth we can find - the 1832 and 1846 iterations of Thatcher's 'A Map of Plymouth Village' - do not specifically note any windmill despite its depiction of many of the mills along Town Brook.

The courthouse, built in 1821, is pictured. The large structure at right, Samoset House, had been built in 1844. To the right, a train can be seen leaving town: The Old Colony Railroad, founded in 1844, began serving Plymouth in 1845.

Timothy Barry

Virtually nothing is known of the artist. Deak posited that he must have been a resident of the town, a notion supported by the view's careful detail. A shipping agent by that name does exist in census records. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1796, he married in Plymouth; his four children were born and died there, two in infancy. Barry appears to have produced only this view, so if he intended to change his family's fortunes by breaking into the arts, he was probably disappointed.

Publication History and Census

This view is rare. Based on its railroad content, Barry could not have drawn it before 1845. Assuming that the publishers' address is a typographic error (i.e., 160 Washington Street instead of the printed 260), the view had to have been printed between 1851 and 1855 (the dates Bufford was located on 160 Washington.) We are only aware of a few examples that have reached the market, and copies in institutional collections are even more scant. OCLC lists a single copy at the Boston Athenaeum.