Johann Christian Gottlieb Franz Otto Spamer (August 29, 1820 - November 27, 1886), also known by the pseudonym Franz Otto, was a German writer, publisher, and bookseller based in Leipzig. Spamer was born in Darmstadt, where he apprenticed with Eduard Heil, before starting work with Johann Jacob Weber (1803 - 1880) in Leipzig. In 1847, Spamer established his own publishing firm in Leipzig, but his work was soon disrupted by the Revolutions of 1848 (he briefly fled abroad). Focusing on politically safe topics such as children's literature, scientific texts, and art history, Spamer developed a reputation for lovely illustrations in his publications. When the political atmosphere relaxed somewhat, he published works on geography, history, and current events.