Clemens Joseph Johannes Senefelder (April 5, 1788 - April 18, 1833) was a German lithographer, artist, and actor active in Munich in the early 19th century. Clemens was the brother and partner of Johann Alois Senefelder (1771 - 1834), inventor of lithography. As he worked extensively as a lithographer with his brother Alois, he is often erroneously assumed to be Alois' son, this is definitively not the case (c.f. CERL #cnp01380853). Many of the earliest lithographic images are attributed to Clemens, who worked hand in hand with Alois in developing the new printing technique. Alois Senefelder went on to great success, but his younger brothers and sister, also lithographers, struggled in Munich, where as late as 1799 they made ends meet by printing letter sheets which they sold in the evenings at inns. Apparently of all the Senefelder family, Clemens was the most talented artistically, producing several meticulously engraved pieces, including a large plan of Strasbourg. Later he found a job as secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was once taken into custody from his hotel in Vienna because of a careless public remark he made in a guest house that everything could be counterfeited, even all bills of exchange and bank notes, and so deceptively that it was impossible to distinguish fake from real. He died in Munich in 1833. More by this mapmaker...

Jean-Nicolas Villot (May 14, 1782 - April 7, 1857) was a French architect active in Strasbourg. Villot was born in Dijon, Côte-d'Or. From 1812 - 1843, he was the official architect of the City of Strasbourg. His work is typical of the post-neoclassical style advocated at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he studied. His work includes renovations of many major Strasbourg monuments. Much of his unique work has since been demolished. In 1821, he completed a large-scale general map of Strasbourg. He died in Strasbourg in 1857. Learn More...

François Georges Levrault (March 21, 1722 - April 22, 1798) was a French protestant printer and bookseller active in Strasbourg in the late 18th century. Levrault was bore in Ogéville, France. His parents died at a young age, but he was taken in by a local priest who raised and educated him. In 1742, he entered the printing business of Jean Robert Joseph Christmann (1704 - 1761). He married Christmann's daughter, Maria Anna Elénora Christman (1737 - 1788), in 1761. In 1769, he was made a partner in the firm, and in 1772, after his brother-in-law François Robert Adrien Christmann (1728 - 1771) died, he became the full owner. In 1786, he acquired the Abreschwiller Paper Mill. By this time, his operation was the largest and most important printing shop in Eastern France. Learn More...